Action and reaction pairs/ Newton's 3rd law
Newtons third law states: every action has an equal and opposite reaction. That means if you touch someone then they touch you back with the same amount of force. In order to find that force you would use the equation:
F=Ma
Reaction and action pairs, are examples of Newton's 3rd law. Here are some examples:
In this picture the man is pushing the wall with 100N so, because of Newton's third law, the wall will push the man back with the same amount of force that the man pushes on the wall.
Another example would be: rocket pushes fuel backward so fuel pushes rocket forward or hammer pushes nail so nail pushes hammer
No matter how hard you push on something it will push back on you with the exact same force. Forces do not exist without other forces.
Tug of war and horse and buggy
How do you win a tug of war contest? It all depends on your firm stance on the ground, because you push ground forward therefore the ground pushes you backward. If you were to wear socks while playing tug of war you would most likely be part of the losing team. This is because if you do not have good traction with the ground you will just slide forward.
How does a horse pull a buggy forward? First it is important to look at the action and reaction pairs, in order to see how the horse is able to pull the buggy forward.
It is important to remember Newton's third law (every action has an equal and opposite reaction). This would mean that the horse and buggy pull on each other with the same amount of force.
So why does the horse pull the buggy forward? Because the horse pushes on the ground with more force than the buggy pushes on the ground. When looking at the diagram it is important to notice that the arrows that say horse pushes ground back ward therefor the ground pushes the horse forward are longer than the arrows that say the buggy pushes ground forward therefore the ground pushes the buggy backward.
Adding forces and Vectors with angles
Vectors are used in order to find things such as the tensions in a rope like the following:
The more tension something (rope) has....the more likely it is to break.
In this diagram the right side would be more likely to break, because there is more tension.
Why does a box slide down a ramp?
Because the gravity pushes it down and the ramp pushes it up, so when the vectors are added together it shows that the box will slide down the ramp.
Gravity and tides
The universal gravitational force says that, everything with mass attracts al other things with mass. And the formula for this is F=G(m1m2/d^2).
What does force depend on?
1.) the mass of objects because force is proportional to mass. The small the objects the smaller the force.
2.) the distance between the objects. The force is proportional to 1/d. The greater the distance the weaker the force and the smaller the distance means that the force is more powerful.
Is the force of gravity greater at high elevations or at sea level?
It is greater at sea level, because the distance would be much smaller at the beach then say at Mt. Everest. This is because it is measured from the center of the earth which is closer to sea level than Mt. Everest is. 
Why are there high tides on both sides of the earth? Why not just the side closest to the moon, because the force is greater with the smaller amount of distance?
Because when the earth pulls on the moon, the moon pulls back on the earth so that is why there is a high tide on the opposite side of the earth.
When the sun, moon, and the earth are all in line we experience Spring tides. (full/ new moon) This means that the tides are higher than they normally are.
When we experience a half moon then the tides are called neap tides. This means that the tides are lower than they normally are.
Although the sun has a stronger force on the earth than the moon (because it has a greater mass), the difference between the moon and the earth and the sun and the earth is smaller, so it has a stronger force on the earth thus the distance is what causes tides.
Momentum/ Impulse and momentum relationship
The proper way to answer a question regarding Momentum and Impulse, is:
Why do climbers prefer stretchy ropes to non-stretchy ropes?
-Because no matter how the climber is stopped, the climber goes from moving to not moving, therefore the change in momentum is the same no matter how the climber is stopped.
-p=mv
-p= pfinal-pinitial
- Since the change in momentum is the same no matter how the climber is stopped, the impulse will also be the same
---------------> the more time= the less force
-The climber prefers a stretchy rope rather than a non-stretchy rope, because it increases the time it takes for the climber to come to a stop, thus because the impulse is constant the force will be less. A smaller force means the less injury when the climber comes to a stop.
Conservation of momentum
The conservation of momentum means that the momentum before, after, and during the collision is the same no matter what. This means that if a car and a truck collide head on the momentum of the system will always be the same. The momentum of the singular car though can have a change in momentum, just not the whole collision.
Here is an example:
Cart A and Cart B are moving in opposite directions and they stick together after they collide.
How fast will the carts be moving after the collision and in which direction will the carts be traveling?
Conclusion
The most difficult part of this unit for me was understanding vectors as well as the momentum and impulse relationship. I feel like this blog post has helped me to review those concepts so reviewing my notes and having to explain these things really helped me. Another thing that has helped me is watching the podcasts made by my classmates, as well as making one with my group.
I would say that I have put a lot of effort into the class and I really enjoy to structure of the class. I have completed almost every homework assignment and have come in during conference period if I didn't understand something. I also feel that working in small groups has helped me grow in this class. It is nice to be able to discuss certain concepts that I struggle with and ask questions.
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